hyperlipidaemiának

Hyperlipidaemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of lipids, or fats, in the blood. These lipids primarily include cholesterol and triglycerides. There are several types of hyperlipidaemia, categorized based on which specific lipid is elevated. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, are a common concern. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol, is generally considered beneficial in moderate amounts.

The causes of hyperlipidaemia can be diverse. Some individuals have a genetic predisposition, known as familial hyperlipidaemia, which affects their body's ability to process lipids. Other cases are acquired, often linked to lifestyle factors such as a diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, and excessive alcohol consumption. Certain medical conditions, like hypothyroidism and diabetes, can also contribute to hyperlipidaemia.

Untreated hyperlipidaemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Excess lipids can accumulate in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis, a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened. This can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

Diagnosis typically involves a blood test called a lipid panel, which measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Management strategies aim to lower lipid levels and reduce cardiovascular risk. These often include lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased exercise, and weight loss. In some cases, medication, such as statins, fibrates, or niacin, may be prescribed to help control lipid levels. Regular monitoring is crucial for individuals with hyperlipidaemia to assess the effectiveness of treatment and track their health status.