hyperkeratoser

Hyperkeratosis is a medical term that describes a thickening of the outer layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum. This thickening is caused by an increase in keratin, a tough protein that forms the structure of skin, hair, and nails. The condition can affect various parts of the body, including the hands, feet, elbows, and knees.

The appearance of hyperkeratosis can vary. It often presents as dry, scaly, or rough patches of skin. In some cases, it may lead to calluses, corns, or even painful fissures. The underlying cause of hyperkeratosis can be diverse. It is commonly a response to repeated friction, pressure, or irritation on the skin. For example, wearing ill-fitting shoes can lead to hyperkeratosis on the feet.

Certain skin conditions can also manifest with hyperkeratosis. These include ichthyosis, a group of genetic disorders that cause dry, scaly skin, and psoriasis, an autoimmune disease that causes red, itchy, and scaly patches. Some infections, such as fungal infections like athlete's foot, can also induce hyperkeratosis. Additionally, hyperkeratosis can be a symptom of underlying medical conditions or a side effect of certain medications.

Diagnosis of hyperkeratosis is typically made through a physical examination of the affected skin. In some instances, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions or to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment strategies are aimed at addressing the underlying cause and managing the symptoms. This can involve topical treatments such as moisturizers, keratolytics (agents that break down keratin), or emollients. In more severe cases, prescription medications or other dermatological interventions may be necessary. Protecting the skin from further irritation and pressure is also a crucial part of management.