corns

Corns are thickened areas of skin that develop in response to repeated pressure or friction. They most commonly affect the feet, especially over bony prominences such as toe joints or the tops of the toes. Corns differ from calluses in that they typically have a well-defined central core and can be painful, particularly when pressed.

Two main forms are recognized. Hard corns are small, hard, conical nodules with a dense center. Soft corns are pale, rubbery, and tend to form between adjacent toes where moisture is retained. Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on appearance and location. It is important to distinguish corns from similar conditions such as calluses, warts, or skin infections. People with diabetes, neuropathy, or poor circulation should seek medical advice rather than attempting self-treatment, especially with agents that dissolve keratin or sharp debridement.

Management focuses on removing the source of pressure and protecting the skin. Treatments include properly fitted footwear, padded or protective devices, and toe cushions. Keratolytic medicines containing salicylic acid or urea may be used to soften and reduce corneal tissue under professional guidance, but self-use near broken skin or on sensitive areas should be avoided. Refractory or recurrent corns may require professional trimming or custom orthotics. Good foot hygiene and moisturizing can help prevent recurrence.

Corn, in a different sense, also refers to maize, a cereal crop cultivated worldwide. Maize kernels are eaten fresh or processed into products such as cornmeal, flour, or popcorn, and the crop serves as animal feed and industrial raw material. Major maize types include dent, flint, flour, and popcorn.