hypercholesterinämie

Hypercholesterinämie refers to an elevated level of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is essential for cell growth and hormone production. However, when cholesterol levels become too high, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, it can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

There are two main types of cholesterol relevant to hypercholesterinämie: LDL cholesterol, often called "bad" cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol. High LDL levels can contribute to the buildup of plaque in arteries, a process called atherosclerosis. This plaque can narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow and potentially leading to heart attacks or strokes. HDL cholesterol, conversely, helps remove excess cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for elimination.

Hypercholesterinämie can be caused by a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle choices. Familial hypercholesterinämie is an inherited condition that results in very high LDL cholesterol levels from birth. Lifestyle factors contributing to high cholesterol include a diet rich in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, and smoking.

Diagnosis of hypercholesterinämie is made through a blood test, typically a lipid panel, which measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Treatment often involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased exercise, and weight management. In some cases, medication, most commonly statins, may be prescribed to lower cholesterol levels and reduce cardiovascular risk. Regular medical check-ups are important for monitoring cholesterol levels and managing the condition.