hiihto

Hiihto is the sport and activity of skiing on snow using skis attached to the boots, typically performed with poles for balance and propulsion. In Finnish contexts the term covers several disciplines, most notably maastohiihto (cross-country skiing) and alppihiihto (alpine skiing). Hiihto can be pursued recreationally on prepared trails or slopes or organized as competition at local, national, and international levels.

Equipment and techniques vary by discipline. Cross-country skiing uses lightweight boots and bindings, with classic diagonal stride and skating styles, and requires wax or grip for traction on snow. Alpine skiing relies on sturdier equipment, with boots that flex in a fixed binding to allow carving turns down slopes. Telemark and other turning styles may be used in different settings. Clothing is typically layered and designed for warmth and breathability, with eye protection and protective gear where appropriate.

Governance and competition. The sport is governed internationally by the International Ski Federation (FIS). National federations coordinate local participation, development programs, and championships. Major competitive events include cross-country World Cup races, alpine skiing World Cup events, and the Winter Olympic Games. In Finland, hiihto has a long tradition and remains a prominent winter sport with active clubs, training programs, and grassroots participation.

History and context. Hiihto originated in Nordic regions and spread globally through organized clubs and winter sports programs. In colder climates, it remains a major winter activity that combines sport, recreation, and culture. Benefits include cardiovascular fitness, balance, and endurance, while safety depends on appropriate equipment, weather awareness, and skill level.