hermorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. They can be caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum, often due to straining during bowel movements, obesity, pregnancy, or chronic constipation. Hemorrhoids can be internal, located inside the rectum, or external, found under the skin around the anus.

Symptoms vary depending on the type. Internal hemorrhoids may cause painless bleeding during bowel movements, where bright red blood is noticed on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. They can also prolapse, meaning they protrude from the anus, which can sometimes be felt as a soft lump. External hemorrhoids can cause itching, pain, and discomfort, especially when sitting. If a blood clot forms within an external hemorrhoid, it can result in a thrombosed hemorrhoid, which is often painful and appears as a firm, bluish lump.

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination. For internal hemorrhoids, a doctor may perform a digital rectal exam or use an anoscope. Treatment depends on the severity of the hemorrhoids. Lifestyle changes such as increasing fiber intake, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding straining during bowel movements are often recommended. Over-the-counter creams and suppositories can help relieve itching and pain. For more severe cases, medical procedures like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or surgery may be considered.