hengityselinjäsairauteen

Hengityselinjäsairaus, often referred to as Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI) in English, encompasses a broad category of illnesses affecting the airways. These infections can range from mild and self-limiting conditions to severe and life-threatening diseases. They are primarily caused by viruses, although bacteria can also be responsible. Common symptoms include coughing, sneezing, sore throat, nasal congestion, and difficulty breathing.

RTIs are typically classified into upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Upper RTIs involve the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, with examples including the common cold, sinusitis, and laryngitis. Lower RTIs affect the bronchi and lungs, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Transmission usually occurs through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, or by touching contaminated surfaces.

Risk factors for developing RTIs include age (very young children and the elderly are more susceptible), weakened immune systems, smoking, and exposure to polluted air. Diagnosis is often based on clinical symptoms and physical examination. In some cases, further tests like chest X-rays or laboratory analysis of mucus may be required, particularly for suspected bacterial infections or more severe cases.

Treatment for RTIs depends on the cause and severity. Viral infections are usually managed with supportive care, focusing on rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms. Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses but are prescribed for bacterial infections. Severe RTIs, especially pneumonia, may necessitate hospitalization and more intensive medical intervention. Prevention strategies include good hygiene practices like frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and vaccination against specific pathogens like influenza and pneumococcus.