hemihypertrophy

Hemihypertrophy is a rare congenital condition characterized by the overgrowth of one side of the body, or one part of the body, compared to the other. This asymmetry can affect limbs, the trunk, or even specific facial features. It is a form of partial gigantism, meaning only a portion of the body is enlarged. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic or developmental factors during fetal growth.

There are two main types: simple hemihypertrophy, where only one limb or body part is affected, and generalized hemihypertrophy, which involves a larger portion of one side of the body. The overgrowth can be present at birth or become apparent in early childhood. While the enlargement is typically benign, there is an increased association with certain tumors, particularly Wilms' tumor (a kidney cancer) and other abdominal malignancies, especially in cases of generalized hemihypertrophy.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to assess the extent of the overgrowth and to screen for associated tumors. Management focuses on monitoring for potential complications, especially the risk of cancer. If tumors are detected, they are treated according to standard protocols. Surgical interventions may be considered in some cases to address significant functional or cosmetic concerns related to the asymmetry, but these are usually performed after growth has stabilized. Regular medical follow-up is important for individuals with hemihypertrophy.