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Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancerous) cells form in the tissues of the pancreas. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces enzymes to aid digestion and hormones, such as insulin, that help regulate blood sugar.

The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include smoking, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), obesity, and a family history of pancreatic cancer or certain genetic syndromes. Age is also a factor, with the risk increasing as people get older.

Symptoms of pancreatic cancer can be vague and may not appear until the disease is advanced. They can include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal or back pain, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, and changes in stool.

Diagnosis often involves imaging tests such as CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds, along with blood tests and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. They may include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatments. Palliative care is also important to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is generally poor, especially if diagnosed at a later stage. However, ongoing research is focused on improving early detection methods and developing more effective treatments.