hallusinogener

Hallucinogens, also referred to as hallusinogener in Swedish, are a class of psychoactive substances that primarily alter perception, thought, and mood. They can induce visual or auditory distortions, altered sense of time and self, and sometimes profound emotional experiences. Effects vary with dose, environment, and individual sensitivity, and may include both pleasurable and challenging experiences. Broadly, hallucinogens are categorized into classic serotonergic psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants.

Classic psychedelics act mainly as serotonin 2A receptor agonists and are associated with vivid perceptual changes, visual patterns, and altered cognition. Frequently cited examples include LSD, psilocybin (the prodrug of psilocin), and mescaline. Dissociatives, such as ketamine and PCP, produce a sense of detachment from the body or surroundings by blocking NMDA receptors. Deliriants, often anticholinergic drugs, can cause severe confusion, delirium, and an inability to differentiate reality from imagination.

Safety, research, and regulation: Most hallucinogens are tightly regulated in many countries. Interest in psychedelic-assisted therapy has grown, with ongoing research into potential benefits for depression, anxiety, PTSD, and end-of-life distress when administered in controlled, supportive settings. Ketamine and its derivative esketamine have medical approvals for treatment-resistant depression in some jurisdictions. Risks include difficult or frightening experiences, the possibility of persistent perceptual changes, and a higher risk of adverse effects in individuals with a history of psychosis or certain psychiatric conditions. Safer use emphasizes screening, a controlled environment, informed dosing, and avoidance of combining with other mind-altering substances.