grunnum

Grunnum is a lesser-known but historically significant type of traditional Icelandic stringed instrument, primarily used in folk music. The name derives from the Old Norse term *grunn*, meaning "deep" or "low," referring to its deep, resonant sound. Grunnum is essentially a precursor to the modern hardanger fiddle, though it differs in construction and playing style.

The instrument typically features a small, pear-shaped body made from wood, often pine or spruce, with a narrow neck and a single string stretched over a soundboard. Unlike the hardanger fiddle, which has sympathetic strings, the grunnum usually has no additional strings, producing a simpler, more mellow tone. It is played with a bow, similar to a violin, and is often accompanied by other traditional instruments like the *lengi* (a long-necked lute) or *rímur* (a type of Icelandic verse).

Grunnum was particularly popular in Iceland during the 18th and early 19th centuries, serving as a staple in rural music-making. Its use declined with the rise of the hardanger fiddle in the 20th century, though it remains a subject of interest among historians and folk music enthusiasts. The instrument is occasionally revived in performances of historical Icelandic music, offering insight into the country’s musical heritage.

Today, grunnum is rarely seen outside of specialized collections or academic research. Its construction and playing techniques are not widely documented, making it a niche subject within Icelandic musical studies. Some modern luthiers and musicians have attempted to reconstruct the instrument based on historical accounts, though these efforts remain experimental rather than standardized.