grebes

Grebes are a family of aquatic birds in the order Podicipediformes, comprising about two dozen species across several genera. They inhabit freshwater lakes, ponds, marshes and, occasionally, coastal bays, with most species found in temperate regions of the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa. They are highly specialized divers, feeding primarily on fish and aquatic invertebrates, captured by rapid underwater pursuit.

Grebes are medium-sized, with compact bodies, short necks, and pointed bills. A defining feature is their lobed hind toes, which act as powerful paddles for underwater propulsion. Their legs are placed far back on the body, making walking on land awkward; they usually run or shuffle onshore before taking flight. Adults often have striking breeding plumage, while nonbreeding plumages are duller.

Breeding is typically aquatic; grebes build floating nests anchored to vegetation. Clutch sizes vary by species but commonly include several eggs, incubated by both parents. Young are precocial and can swim soon after hatching; fledging times depend on species.

Vocalizations and courtship are diverse, and many grebes perform elaborate displays, including head motions, wing flutters, and mutual crests. They are generally solitary or form small colonies outside of the breeding season, and many species undertake seasonal migrations between breeding lakes and wintering wetlands.

Conservation status varies by species and region. Most grebes are listed as of least concern, but habitat loss, water pollution and human disturbance can threaten local populations, especially on small, isolated wetlands.