grafika

Grafika, in Polish usage, refers to graphics and the practice of creating visual content that communicates, informs, or persuades. The field encompasses graphic design, digital imagery, typography, illustration, and iconography, as well as the creation and arrangement of visual elements to support a message.

Graphics are produced in raster (bitmap) and vector formats. Raster images store color per pixel and are common in photographs; vector graphics use mathematical curves and scale without quality loss, often used for logos and illustrations. Digital graphics appear on screens and in print; traditional graphics include drawing and engraving.

Graphics have existed for centuries in manuscript and print. Modern graphic design emerged in the early 20th century with advertising and mass media, evolving with digital tools since the 1980s.

Graphic work relies on software for image editing, layout, and vector drawing. A typical workflow includes research, concept sketching, layout, typography, color theory, and production for output.

Key concepts include color models (RGB for screens, CMYK for print), resolution and DPI, and file formats such as PNG, JPEG, SVG, AI, and EPS. Accessibility and readability are often integral to good grafika practice.

Grafika is central to branding and marketing, publishing, web and app design, packaging, signage, and multimedia.

See also: graphic design, typography, vector graphics, raster graphics, user interface design.