glükan

Glukan, also known as β-glucan, is a type of soluble fiber found in the cell walls of certain plants, fungi, yeast, and bacteria. It is a polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked by β-glycosidic bonds, primarily in a linear chain with occasional branching. Due to its structural properties, glukan is recognized for its potential health benefits, particularly in supporting immune function and cardiovascular health.

Glukan is commonly derived from sources such as oats, barley, mushrooms (such as shiitake and reishi), and yeast cell walls. In oats and barley, glukan is present as a viscous fiber that can slow digestion, promoting feelings of fullness and aiding in blood sugar regulation. The immune-modulating effects of glukan are particularly well-studied, with research suggesting it may enhance the activity of immune cells, such as macrophages and natural killer cells, helping the body defend against infections and diseases.

Beyond immune support, glukan has been investigated for its potential to lower cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids in the digestive tract, reducing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion. This process can stimulate the liver to produce more bile acids, which require cholesterol for synthesis, thereby lowering LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels. Additionally, glukan may contribute to gut health by acting as a prebiotic, fostering the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.

Glukan is available in various forms, including dietary supplements, functional foods, and extracts. While generally considered safe for most people, high doses may cause mild digestive discomfort in some individuals. As with any supplement, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before use, especially for those with underlying health conditions or those taking medications. Ongoing research continues to explore the full range of glukan’s health benefits and potential applications.