gingiviit

Gingiviit is a term used to describe inflammation of the gingiva, the gum tissue surrounding the teeth. It is related to gingivitis and is often treated as a form of gingival inflammation. The condition typically involves the soft tissues and is usually reversible with good oral hygiene and professional dental care.

Common signs include red or swollen gums that bleed during brushing or flossing, tenderness, and occasional bad breath. In mild cases symptoms may be subtle or transient; in more persistent cases the gums may appear glossy or recede slightly.

Causes and risk factors include plaque buildup from inadequate hygiene, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or puberty), certain medications, tobacco use, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies (notably vitamin C), ill-fitting dental appliances, and systemic illnesses.

Diagnosis is clinical, based on an oral examination and medical history. It is distinguished from periodontitis by the absence of irreversible bone loss and deep periodontal pockets; radiographs and other tests may be used to rule out other conditions.

Management focuses on removing irritants and improving oral hygiene. Typical measures include professional cleaning, detailed brushing and flossing instructions, and antiseptic rinses. In some cases medication adjustments or treatment of underlying conditions are advised; antibiotics are rarely needed for uncomplicated gingiviit.

Prognosis is generally favorable with consistent care. Gingiviit is common worldwide and usually resolves with proper hygiene, though neglect can increase the risk of progression to periodontitis.