geneticist

Geneticist is a professional who studies genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms. Geneticists work in a range of settings and disciplines, from medical research to agriculture, seeking to understand how genetic information influences traits, development, and disease.

Clinical geneticists are physicians or scientists who diagnose and manage hereditary disorders in patients. They interpret genetic tests, advise patients and families, and collaborate with genetic counselors and other clinicians. Other geneticists conduct research in laboratories and universities, focusing on areas such as population genetics, molecular genetics, and agricultural genetics, or apply genetics to forensics and conservation.

Training generally begins with a bachelor's degree in biology or genetics, followed by graduate study leading to a master's or doctoral degree, or medical training for clinical practice. In many countries, clinical geneticists are physicians who complete residency and certification in medical genetics.

Practicing geneticists use a range of methods and tools, including DNA sequencing, genotyping, cytogenetics, and genome-wide analyses, supported by bioinformatics and computational genetics. They may also work with genome editing concepts in research, biomedical drug development, or crop improvement.

Ethical and social considerations are integral to the field, including privacy of genetic information, informed consent, potential discrimination, and the responsible use of gene-editing technologies. Geneticists collaborate with clinicians, policymakers, and educators to translate discoveries into health and societal benefits.