gempylotoxin

Gempylotoxin is a term that has been used to refer to a group of toxic compounds found in certain species of fish, particularly those belonging to the family Gempylidae. These fish are often referred to as escolars or snake mackerels. The toxicity is primarily attributed to a waxy substance called gempylotoxin, which is a type of ester of long-chain fatty acids with polyunsaturated alcohols. Consumption of fish containing significant amounts of this waxy substance can lead to a condition known as keriorrhea, characterized by a greasy, oily diarrhea.

The specific chemical composition of gempylotoxin can vary among species, but it is generally understood to be indigestible by humans. This indigestibility causes the waxy substance to accumulate in the digestive tract, leading to its expulsion. While not typically considered life-threatening, the symptoms can be uncomfortable and lead to social embarrassment due to the nature of the discharge.

Certain species, such as the Ruvettus pretiosus (oilfish) and Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (escolar), are known to be particularly high in gempylotoxin. Recommendations for consuming these fish often include limiting portion sizes or avoiding them altogether, especially for individuals with sensitive digestive systems. Preparation methods such as grilling or pan-frying can sometimes reduce the amount of the waxy substance that is ingested, but it is generally difficult to remove entirely. Awareness of the potential for gempylotoxin and its effects is important for consumers and chefs who might encounter these species.