galvanoplastiku

Galvanoplastiku, or galvanoplasty, denotes processes that create metallic coatings or objects by electrodeposition from an electrolytic bath onto a conductive substrate. It includes electroplating and electroforming and is used in art, jewelry, and manufacturing to alter appearance, hardness, or corrosion resistance.

In electroplating, the workpiece is the cathode and metal ions are deposited from the bath as current passes. The anode may dissolve to replenish metal ions. Surface preparation, cleaning, and activation ensure adhesion; thickness is controlled by current density and time, with agitation and temperature affecting quality.

Electroforming builds up metal around a removable mandrel to produce a hollow shell or solid piece after detaching the form. This method is common for decorative objects, jewelry components, and sculpture reproductions that require fine detail and complex shapes.

Common metals include copper, nickel, gold, silver, and chromium. Baths vary; nickel, copper, and gold are widely used. Safety and environmental controls are important due to toxic chemicals and waste generated by plating processes.

Applications range from decorative finishes and corrosion protection to electronic connectors and molds for casting. In microfabrication, electroforming enables precise nickel structures and microminiature components.

The technology developed over the 19th century and remains essential for metal finishing and replication. Proper handling of chemicals and waste treatment is a required aspect of galvanoplastiku practice.