félids

Félids are members of the family Felidae, a group of carnivorous mammals that belongs to the order Carnivora. The family is diverse, containing approximately 40 extant species that are divided into several subfamilies, with the most familiar being Panthera, which includes the large cats such as the lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar, and the snow leopard, and Felinae, which contains the domestic cat and a range of smaller wild species such as lynxes, ocelots, servals, and the caracal. The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) represents a distinct lineage within its own subfamily, Acinonychinae, known for its exceptional speed. These categories reflect both morphological differences and genetic relationships, and modern phylogenetic studies continue to refine the relationships among them.

Félids are characterized by a highly flexible spine, retractable claws, and specialized teeth adapted for a carnivorous diet, primarily consisting of ungulate meat. They possess acute night vision, a highly developed sense of hearing, and a keen sense of smell, making them efficient predators. Many species are solitary, although social structures vary: lions form prides, while most other felids are independent. Reproductive strategies differ among species, but litter sizes typically range from one to five kittens, and parental care is mainly provided by the mother.

Globally, felids inhabit diverse ecosystems, from African savannas and Asian rainforests to North American deserts and Arctic tundra. Their distribution is largely dictated by prey availability and habitat suitability. While some species such as the domestic cat have become ubiquitous alongside humans, endangered large felids are increasingly reliant on conservation efforts to safeguard their habitats and mitigate conflicts with agricultural activities.

Human interactions with felids have a long history, beginning with the domestication of the wildcat around 9,000 years ago. Domestic cats were selected for their rodent‑control abilities and gradually developed into a companion animal. Additionally, felids have played significant cultural roles, symbolizing power, agility, and mystery across various societies.