fraternization

Fraternization is the term used to describe social or intimate relations within a group, especially when such relationships cross hierarchical boundaries or undermine impartiality. The word derives from Latin frater, meaning brother, and can apply to friendly mingling among members of a club or organization or to romantic or sexual relationships that violate policy or norms.

In military contexts, fraternization refers to inappropriate relationships between members where one person has supervisory authority over another. Such relations can erode discipline, undermine morale, and create perceptions of favoritism. Most militaries adopt policies that prohibit dating or sexual relationships between officers and subordinates, require disclosure, or mandate transfer or removal from duties to preserve the chain of command.

In civilian and corporate settings, fraternization policies seek to prevent conflicts of interest, favoritism, and harassment. Many organizations restrict dating or romantic involvement between supervisors and direct reports, or require disclosure, consent of higher management, or reassignment to avoid bias. Violations can lead to disciplinary action, including counseling, reassignment, or termination, depending on policy and severity.

Legally, fraternization is generally not a crime, but it can implicate laws or rules concerning harassment, discrimination, or nepotism, and may affect contracts or professional codes of conduct.

In social or religious groups, the term can describe informal mingling or relationships shaped by group norms, rather than formal prohibitions, with standards varying by organization.