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Fractures are a common occurrence in materials science and engineering, referring to the separation of a material into two or more pieces under stress. This separation is typically caused by mechanical forces that exceed the material's strength. The study of fracture is crucial for understanding material behavior, predicting failure, and designing safe and reliable structures.
There are several classifications of fracture. Brittle fracture occurs with little or no plastic deformation before
The mechanism of fracture initiation and propagation depends on factors such as the material's microstructure, the