fototoksisuus

Fototoksisuus refers to a toxic reaction that occurs when certain substances are exposed to light. This interaction can damage cells or tissues, leading to a harmful response within the body. The mechanism typically involves a photosensitizing agent that absorbs light energy and then transfers this energy to surrounding molecules, often oxygen, creating reactive oxygen species. These highly reactive molecules can then cause cellular damage through oxidation.

In humans, fototoksisuus can manifest in various ways, most commonly as skin reactions. When a photosensitizing drug or chemical is present on the skin and exposed to sunlight or artificial UV radiation, a localized inflammatory response can occur. This often presents as a sunburn-like rash, redness, blistering, or itching, and can be more severe than a typical sunburn. The severity depends on the concentration of the photosensitizing agent, the intensity and duration of light exposure, and individual susceptibility.

Common causes of fototoksisuus include certain medications, such as some antibiotics, diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as topical agents like certain retinoids or fragrances. Ingestion of certain plants or chemicals can also lead to systemic photosensitivity. Avoiding prolonged sun exposure, wearing protective clothing, and using broad-spectrum sunscreen are important preventive measures for individuals at risk. Discontinuation of the causative agent is usually necessary for treatment.