folddown

Folddown, also written fold-down, is a term used to describe a mechanical, architectural, or furniture feature in which a panel, shelf, seat, desk, or other element can be rotated or collapsed toward a wall or void to save space and then extended or deployed when needed. The term is widely used across industries to describe such space-saving deployable elements.

The deployable element is typically hinged at the top edge or mounted to a pivot, and may use gas springs, springs, or hydraulic dampers to assist deployment and stowage. Latches or catches secure the item in the folded or deployed position. Materials vary from wood and plywood to metal, aluminum, and composites, with finishes chosen to match surrounding surfaces. Design must balance weight, strength, and user effort.

Common applications include furniture, where folddown desks and wall beds (Murphy beds) are prominent, and seating, where fold-down seats and tables appear on buses, trains, airplanes, and stadiums. In cabinetry and architectural contexts, folddown work surfaces, panels, or display shelves enable temporary access or additional workspace. In industrial and vehicle settings, fold-down hatches, ladders, or steps provide access or storage that can be stowed when not in use.

Design considerations emphasize load capacity, required clearance, ease of operation, and safety. Regular maintenance focuses on hinges, springs, hinges, fasteners, and latches to ensure reliable deployment and secure stowage.

The term is often hyphenated as fold-down, though folddown appears in some product names and catalogs. It remains a generic descriptor rather than a single standardized component.