flimmerslag

Flimmerslag is a common lay term used to describe atrial fibrillation and related atrial tachyarrhythmias such as atrial flutter. These conditions involve rapid, disordered electrical activity in the atria, leading to an irregular and often rapid heart rate. The irregular rhythm may be persistent or come and go.

Symptoms vary. Many people notice palpitations, a racing or fluttering heartbeat, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, dizziness, or fatigue. Some individuals, especially older adults or those with underlying heart disease, may have few or no symptoms, and the condition is found during routine examination or after complications.

Causes and risk factors include structural heart disease (such as coronary artery disease or valvular disease), high blood pressure, heart failure, thyroid disorders, lung disease, excessive alcohol use, obesity, sleep apnea, and older age. Atrial fibrillation and flutter can occur with or without a clear trigger.

Complications are significant, particularly the risk of stroke due to blood clots forming in the atria and traveling to the brain. Heart failure can also worsen, and there may be reduced exercise tolerance or cognitive effects over time.

Diagnosis primarily relies on electrocardiography (ECG) to identify irregular rhythm. Additional tests may include echocardiography, blood tests (including thyroid function), and monitoring over time (holter or event monitoring) to assess frequency and triggers. Stroke risk is assessed with scoring systems such as CHADS-VASc.

Treatment aims to control heart rate or restore rhythm and reduce stroke risk. Rate control uses medications such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. Rhythm control may involve antiarrhythmic drugs, electrical cardioversion, or ablation. Anticoagulation or other measures to prevent clots are recommended for most patients with elevated stroke risk. Management also includes addressing underlying conditions and lifestyle factors. The prognosis varies with age, comorbidity, and control of risk factors.