flatware

Flatware refers to hand-held eating utensils used at the dining table. The primary items are forks, knives, and spoons, which may be made from metal, plastic, or other materials. In North America the term flatware is common; elsewhere the equivalent term is cutlery or silverware. Flatware sets are typically composed of the core dining pieces plus optional specialty pieces such as dessert forks, butter knives, fish knives, and serving utensils.

Materials and construction: Modern flatware is mostly stainless steel, especially 18/8 or 18/10 stainless steel, denoting chromium and nickel content for corrosion resistance and shine. Sterling silver and silver-plated flatware were popular historically and remain collectible; they require polishing and careful care to prevent tarnish. Other materials include titanium or handles made from various synthetics in some designs. Dishwasher safety varies; stainless steel is usually dishwasher-safe, while silver and some patterns benefit from hand washing to preserve finish.

Sets and service: Flatware is sold as place settings for a given number of guests, plus additional serving pieces. In a typical six- or eight-place setting, forks are placed to the left of the plate (salad fork closest to the plate; dinner fork on the outer left), and knives and spoons to the right (blade of knife toward the plate). The dessert utensils may lie above the plate, or be brought out with dessert. Common serving pieces include serving spoons, slotted spoons, ladles, and carving sets.

History: Flatware origins trace to metal cutlery in Europe during the late medieval to early modern period; mass production in the 19th and 20th centuries facilitated standardized patterns and sets. Styles range from simple utilitarian designs to elaborate engraved or sculpted patterns.