1810

The year 1810 was marked by widespread political upheaval and the acceleration of independence movements in the Americas, amid the ongoing reorganization of Europe during the Napoleonic era. In Spain and its territories, liberal ideas gained prominence as the Cortes of Cádiz began sessions to draft a constitution, while the invasion and occupation by France continued to undermine traditional authority. The Kingdom of Holland was annexed by the French Empire as Napoleon reorganized control over Dutch lands.

In the Americas, 1810 is often cited as a turning point for independence movements. Caracas saw a provincial junta established on April 19, signaling resistance to Spanish rule. In Buenos Aires, the May Revolution culminated on May 25, 1810, with the formation of the Primera Junta and the beginnings of a formal move toward independence. Chile followed suit later in the year, with the establishment of its first Junta on September 18, 1810. Mexico began its War of Independence after Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla issued the Grito de Dolores on September 16, 1810, a catalyst for a broader uprising across the region. In North America, the West Florida Rebellion led to the temporary establishment of the Republic of West Florida, proclaimed on September 23, 1810, before the territory was absorbed into the United States.

Other notable developments of 1810 include ongoing military campaigns related to the Napoleonic Wars and the broader colonial realignments that would influence global politics in the following decade. The year is often remembered for signaling a decisive shift toward national self-determination in several regions, as well as for intensifying European political restructuring under Napoleonic rule.