firmwaretampering
Firmware tampering refers to unauthorized modification of the software embedded in hardware devices to alter functionality, bypass security controls, or exfiltrate data. Because firmware operates with low-level control and can persist across reboots and repairs, tampering can be subtle and difficult to detect.
Targets include consumer electronics, networking equipment, automotive ECUs, medical devices, and industrial controllers. Attack vectors are
Impacts can include unauthorized control of devices, disruption of operation, privacy breaches, financial loss, and safety
Prevention and detection rely on defense-in-depth strategies. Manufacturers use secure boot, cryptographic signing of firmware, authentication
Legal and ethical context: tampering with firmware is illegal in many jurisdictions and may violate warranties