filefish

Filefish belong to the family Monacanthidae, a group of marine fish within the order Tetraodontiformes. This family is characterized by its rough, sandpaper-like skin, which gives rise to the common name "filefish." They are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting coral reefs, seagrass beds, and rocky areas.

Filefish exhibit a wide range of body shapes and sizes, though many are laterally compressed and have a prominent dorsal spine that can be locked in an erect position. This spine is thought to be used for defense against predators and for anchoring themselves when resting. Their mouths are small and protrude, equipped with teeth adapted for scraping algae and consuming small invertebrates.

Reproduction in filefish often involves the female laying eggs, which are then guarded by the male. Some species construct nests by using their teeth to clear away debris. Filefish are generally solitary or found in pairs, and their diet consists primarily of algae, small crustaceans, and worms. While not typically a target for commercial fishing, they are sometimes caught as bycatch and can be kept in aquariums by experienced aquarists due to their unique appearance and behavior.