fibromuskulösa

Fibromuskuläre Dysplasie, often abbreviated as FMD, is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vascular disease that can affect arteries throughout the body. It is characterized by abnormal cell growth in the artery wall, leading to a thickening and hardening of the affected vessel. This can result in narrowing (stenosis), outpouchings (aneurysms), or even dissection of the artery.

The exact cause of FMD is not fully understood, but genetic factors and hormonal influences are suspected to play a role. It is more commonly diagnosed in women, particularly those between the ages of 20 and 60. FMD can affect various arteries, but the renal arteries (supplying blood to the kidneys) and the carotid arteries (supplying blood to the brain) are the most frequently involved.

Symptoms of FMD vary depending on the location and severity of the arterial involvement. When renal arteries are affected, it can lead to renovascular hypertension, a condition where high blood pressure is caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Other symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, pulsatile tinnitus (hearing a rhythmic pulsing sound in the ear), neck pain, or stroke-like symptoms.

Diagnosis of FMD typically involves imaging techniques such as Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography angiography (CTA), or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Treatment strategies are tailored to the individual patient and the affected arteries and may include lifestyle modifications, medications to control blood pressure and prevent blood clots, or procedures like angioplasty to open narrowed arteries. Regular monitoring is often recommended to manage the condition and prevent complications.