fibrocystisk

Fibrocystic changes, or fibrocystic breast condition, describe a common benign alteration of breast tissue characterized by lumpiness, cyst formation, and fibrous tissue. The condition typically affects women of reproductive age and often varies with the menstrual cycle. It is not cancer and generally does not indicate a higher overall risk of breast cancer, although certain patterns within fibrocystic change may warrant closer evaluation.

Symptoms most often include breast pain (mastalgia), tenderness, swelling, and a lumpy or rope-like texture felt in one or both breasts. The pain and lumpiness can be cyclic, worsening in the week before menstruation and improving after the start of the period. Some women have multiple smooth, movable cysts; others have thickened areas of fibrous tissue.

Causes are not fully understood but are thought to be related to hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone. Age, family history, and use of hormonal contraceptives may influence symptoms. Historical suggestions about caffeine or diet lack consistent evidence.

Diagnosis involves clinical breast examination and, if needed, imaging. In younger women, ultrasound is commonly used; in older women, mammography may be appropriate. If a lump is suspicious or persists, a fine-needle aspiration to drain a cyst or a biopsy may be performed to exclude cancer.

Management emphasizes symptom relief. Strategies include a well-fitted supportive bra, warm or cold compresses, and nonprescription pain relievers. Some patients try reducing caffeine or sodium intake, though evidence is limited. Draining a bothersome cyst is an option. Most changes improve over time or with the menstrual cycle.

Prognosis is generally favorable; fibrocystic changes are benign and do not inherently increase breast cancer risk. If a new lump appears, if changes are noncyclic, or if there are skin changes, nipple discharge, or redness, medical evaluation is advised.