fastenerscomponents

Fastener components are the elements that make up fastening systems used to join parts in mechanical assemblies. The core components commonly include the fastener body (such as a screw, bolt, rivet, or stud), the mating threaded element (nut or threaded insert), and a washer or spacer that distributes load or sets spacing. In many assemblies a locking mechanism is added to resist loosening, such as lock nuts, prevailing-torque nuts, thread-locking compounds, or spring washers.

The fastener body provides the primary joining force and is produced in various materials to suit the application, including carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and polymers. The mating threaded element interfaces with the body to transfer load. Head and drive types define how the fastener is installed (for example hex head, socket head cap screw, pan, or button head) and the drive method (Allen, Phillips, slotted, or Torx). Washers serve functions such as load distribution, protection of mating surfaces, or providing locking action; spacers position components at precise distances.

Coatings and surface treatments improve corrosion resistance and wear performance, with common treatments including zinc plating, galvanizing, nickel, chrome, and anodizing. Standards organizations publish specifications for dimensions, tolerances, materials, and performance; widely used standards include ISO, DIN, ANSI/ASME, and SAE.

Applications span industries such as automotive, aerospace, construction, electronics, and consumer products. Design considerations include load direction (tension or shear), material compatibility, environmental exposure, torque-to-embedment relationships, thread engagement length, lubrication, and proper tightening practices to prevent over-tightening or loosening under vibration.