exfoliator

An exfoliator is a product or tool used to remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. This process, known as exfoliation, can reveal newer, healthier skin underneath, leading to a smoother texture and brighter complexion. Exfoliators can be broadly categorized into two main types: physical and chemical.

Physical exfoliators work by mechanically sloughing off dead skin cells. Examples include scrubs with granular particles like sugar, salt, or finely ground seeds, as well as brushes, loofahs, or cloths. The size and texture of the particles in scrubs can vary, and some may be too abrasive for sensitive skin.

Chemical exfoliators use acids to dissolve the bonds that hold dead skin cells together. Common chemical exfoliants include alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, and beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs) like salicylic acid. AHAs are water-soluble and work on the skin's surface, while BHAs are oil-soluble and can penetrate pores, making them beneficial for acne-prone skin. Enzymes, derived from fruits like papaya and pineapple, can also act as chemical exfoliants by breaking down keratin, a protein in the skin.

Regular exfoliation can help improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and enhance the absorption of skincare products. However, over-exfoliation can lead to irritation, redness, and increased sensitivity. It is generally recommended to exfoliate one to three times a week, depending on skin type and the strength of the product used. Always follow exfoliation with moisturizing products to help the skin recover.