esquistosomiasi

Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. These parasites infect humans through contact with contaminated freshwater containing free-swimming larvae. The disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, and South America.

There are several species of Schistosoma that infect humans, each leading to slightly different clinical manifestations. The most common forms include Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum. The life cycle of the parasite involves freshwater snails as intermediate hosts. Human infection occurs when larval forms, called cercariae, released from infected snails, penetrate the skin during exposure to contaminated water.

Once inside the human body, the parasites mature into adult worms, which live in blood vessels. Female worms lay eggs, and these eggs can cause significant damage to organs such as the liver, intestines, bladder, and lungs. Symptoms of schistosomiasis vary depending on the species of parasite and the organs affected. Acute schistosomiasis can manifest with fever, chills, muscle aches, and a rash. Chronic schistosomiasis can lead to long-term complications, including liver damage, bladder cancer, infertility, and neurological problems.

Diagnosis is typically made by identifying parasite eggs in stool or urine samples. Treatment involves antiparasitic drugs, with praziquantel being the most commonly used medication. Prevention strategies focus on access to clean water, adequate sanitation, and avoiding contact with contaminated water sources. Public health initiatives often involve mass drug administration in endemic areas.