erworbene

Erworbene is the past participle form of the German verb erwerben and is used as an adjective to mean something that has been obtained or gained through one’s actions, experiences, or conditions. In common usage it describes skills, knowledge, rights, or traits that were not present at birth but were developed later.

In biology and related discussions, the term erworbene Merkmale (acquired traits) has historical significance. It refers to traits that an organism develops during its lifetime through use, training, or environmental influences. The concept is closely associated with the Lamarckian idea that such traits could be inherited by offspring. Modern biology distinguishes between inherited genetic information and characteristics acquired through environment or learning. While epigenetic mechanisms show that some environmental factors can influence gene expression and, in certain cases, affect subsequent generations, this does not equate to the straightforward transfer of acquired traits as Lamarck envisioned. The prevailing view is that genetic information is transmitted through DNA, while many acquired features arise from development, experience, or behavioral adaptation.

In everyday language, erworbene is widely used to describe abilities, knowledge, or qualifications gained through education, practice, or life experience. Examples include erworbene Fähigkeiten (acquired abilities), erworbenes Wissen (acquired knowledge), and erworbene Rechte or Berechtigungen (rights or permissions obtained through processes such as certification, legal action, or agreement). The term is often contrasted with angeborene, meaning innate or inborn, to distinguish what is learned or developed from what is present from birth.