epitaphios

Epitaphios is a term used in the Eastern Orthodox and some Eastern Catholic traditions for a large embroidered cloth icon that depicts the body of Jesus Christ laid in the tomb. The name comes from the Greek epitáphios, from epi- “upon” and taphos “tomb.” The epitaphios is typically a richly decorated textile, often featuring gold thread, pearls, and intricate embroidery, and may be accompanied by a stand or bier.

Liturgical use and practice

The epitaphios is central to Holy Week observances, especially on Good Friday. It is placed on a bier and brought in a solemn procession through the church or, in some places, outdoors. The faithful venerate the image by kissing it and placing flowers, while hymns and lamentations are sung during the service. The tradition emphasizes Christ’s burial and the mourning of his followers, before the culmination of the Easter celebration.

Iconography and form

Iconographic elements commonly show Christ’s body in the tomb, often flanked by the Theotokos (Virgin Mary), the apostle John, and Mary Magdalene, among others. Some regions feature additional figures or symbolic tomb motifs. While many epitaphioi are embroidered textiles, some communities use painted icons on cloth or other variations, but all preserve the central theme of the entombment.

Historical context and reach

The epitaphios tradition emerged in the Byzantine era and spread across the Orthodox world, with regional variations in style, size, and ceremonial details. It remains a focal point of Holy Week devotion, linking the themes of death and the anticipated Resurrection in Orthodox Christian liturgy.