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Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Epilepsy affects people of all ages, although it is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults. The exact cause of epilepsy is often unknown, but it can be triggered by factors such as brain injury, genetic mutations, or infections.

Seizures can manifest in various ways, including convulsions, loss of consciousness, and temporary changes in behavior or sensation. The severity and frequency of seizures can vary greatly among individuals with epilepsy. Some people may experience only a few seizures in their lifetime, while others may have frequent and prolonged episodes.

Diagnosis of epilepsy typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various tests such as electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize brain structure. Treatment options for epilepsy depend on the type and severity of seizures, as well as the individual's overall health. Medications are often the first line of treatment, but in some cases, surgery or other interventions may be necessary.

Living with epilepsy requires ongoing management and support. Many people with epilepsy can lead fulfilling lives with proper medical care and lifestyle adjustments. However, it is important for individuals with epilepsy to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop an effective treatment plan and manage potential complications.