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Endodontia is a specialized branch of dentistry focused on the study and treatment of the dental pulp and periapical tissues. The term "endodontia" itself is derived from Greek words meaning "inside" (endo) and "tooth" (odont). The primary goal of endodontic treatment, commonly known as a root canal therapy, is to save a tooth that has become infected or inflamed within its pulp chamber.

The dental pulp, located at the center of the tooth, contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. When this pulp becomes damaged or diseased, typically due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures on the tooth, cracks or chips in the tooth, or trauma, it can lead to pain and infection. Endodontists are dentists who have undergone additional specialized training in diagnosing and treating these conditions.

The process of endodontic treatment involves removing the diseased or damaged pulp, carefully cleaning and disinfecting the interior of the tooth and its root canals, and then filling and sealing the space. This procedure aims to eliminate infection and pain, allowing the tooth to remain in the mouth and function normally. Following root canal therapy, the tooth is often restored with a crown to protect it from fracture. Endodontic treatment is a common and effective way to preserve natural teeth that might otherwise need to be extracted.