embolizaci

Embolization is a medical procedure used to intentionally block blood vessels. This blockage, called an embolus, can be deliberately introduced into the bloodstream to treat a variety of conditions. The embolus can be made of different materials, such as small coils, beads, particles, or even a specially prepared glue. The choice of material depends on the size and location of the vessel to be blocked and the underlying medical condition.

The primary goal of embolization is to reduce or stop blood flow to a specific area. This can be beneficial in several ways. For example, it is commonly used to stop bleeding from damaged or abnormal blood vessels, such as in cases of trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, or during surgery to prevent excessive blood loss. It can also be employed to shrink tumors by cutting off their blood supply, making them more susceptible to other treatments like chemotherapy or radiation, or sometimes as a standalone treatment for certain types of tumors. In some neurological conditions, embolization is used to close off abnormal blood vessels in the brain, like aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), to prevent rupture and stroke.

The procedure is typically performed by interventional radiologists or vascular surgeons. It is usually done percutaneously, meaning through a small puncture in the skin, often in the groin or wrist. A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is guided through the blood vessels to the target area. Once in position, the embolic agent is delivered through the catheter to create the blockage. While generally safe, potential risks can include damage to the treated vessel, unintended blockage of nearby healthy vessels, or the migration of the embolus to an unintended location.