elit

Elit, or elite, is a term used to describe a relatively small group that holds a disproportionate share of political, economic, or cultural power within a society. In sociology and political science, elites are identified by influence rather than official titles, and their position often stems from wealth, office, education, or network access. The concept is used to analyze how policy, culture, and institutions are shaped by those at the top of social hierarchies.

The word derives from French élite, ultimately from Latin eligere, to choose. In many languages, including Turkish and Estonian, a cognate form such as elit or eliit is used with the same core meaning.

Elites can be categorized into economic elites, political elites, and cultural or intellectual elites. The term also extends to the ideology of elitism, a belief that society should be governed or advanced by those considered most capable, sometimes accompanied by a sense of exclusivity.

Theories about elites include Pareto's circulation of elites, Mosca's ruling class, and C. Wright Mills' power elite, which explore how a small set of individuals can influence broad outcomes. Critics argue elitism reproduces inequality and reduces democratic accountability, while supporters contend elites can coordinate resources for stability and progress.

In contemporary discourse, the idea of the elite appears in discussions of meritocracy, social mobility, and the role of elite institutions such as universities, financial firms, and media organizations in shaping public life.