elektronic

Elektronik is a term used in several languages to denote electronics, or the broader field that designs and uses devices and systems which process electrical signals, control energy, or convey information. In English, the standard terms are electronic or electronics. The field combines physics, engineering, and applied science to create components, circuits, and systems such as transistors, diodes, capacitors, resistors, and integrated circuits.

The modern development of elektron ic systems began with the invention of the vacuum tube in the early 20th century, followed by the solid‑state transistor in 1947 and the advent of integrated circuits in the 1950s. These milestones enabled smaller, faster, and more reliable electronics, driving advances in computers, communications, consumer devices, and industrial equipment. Since then, electronics have become ubiquitous in everyday life and critical to many industries.

Major subfields include analog electronics, digital electronics, microelectronics, power electronics, optoelectronics, and embedded systems. Key activities involve circuit design and analysis, semiconductor device physics, signal processing, and system integration, often implemented on printed circuit boards or as specialized silicon chips such as application‑specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or system‑on‑chips (SoCs). The field also encompasses measurement, testing, reliability engineering, and manufacturing processes.

Applications span a wide range of sectors, including consumer electronics, telecommunications, computing, automotive, medical devices, and industrial automation. Work in elektron ic emphasizes safety, interoperability, and compliance with standards and regulations (for example EMC, RoHS, and WEEE), as well as design for manufacturability, energy efficiency, and long‑term reliability. Terminology varies by language, with Elektronik used in some European languages and electronic/electronics in English contexts.