elektromechaniczne

Electromechanical refers to systems that combine electrical and mechanical engineering to convert energy between electrical and mechanical forms. These systems include actuators that produce motion from electrical energy and transducers that generate electrical signals from mechanical energy.

Common components include actuators (electric motors—DC, AC, brushless, servo; solenoids), sensors (encoders, variable resistors, piezoelectric), drivers and controllers (power electronics, PLCs, microcontrollers, servo amplifiers), and mechanical elements (gears, shafts, bearings).

Types and examples include electromechanical relays and switches; stepper and servo motors; solenoid assemblies; and voice coil actuators used in positioning systems. These devices enable both simple control tasks and complex motion profiles in various systems.

Applications span automation, robotics, manufacturing, automotive actuators, consumer electronics, HVAC dampers, printers, and medical devices. The field is closely related to mechatronics, which integrates electronics, computing, and mechanical design to create more capable integrated systems.

Historically, electromechanical devices emerged with early galvanometers and telegraphs, with electric motors and relays becoming common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today, electromechanical systems are designed for higher efficiency, compactness, and integrated control, often combining sensors, actuators, and digital control in a single package.