ekstrapiramidal
Ekstrapiramidal is a term used to describe neural pathways and motor control mechanisms outside the pyramidal tract, specifically outside the corticospinal tract. It encompasses circuits involving the basal ganglia, thalamus, and related structures that regulate movement, muscle tone, and motor learning. Disturbances in these pathways can lead to a range of movement abnormalities, both from disease and from medication effects.
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are movement disorders commonly linked to drugs that block dopamine receptors, especially typical
Pathophysiology centers on reduced dopaminergic activity in the nigrostriatal pathway, leading to an imbalance with cholinergic
The concept of ekstrapiramidal is related to broader movement disorders arising from basal ganglia dysfunction, including