ekirja

Ekirja, or e-kirja, is the digital form of a printed book that can be read on electronic devices such as e-readers, tablets, smartphones, or computers. An ekirja is usually downloaded or streamed from online stores or library portals and can include features such as search, bookmarks, annotations, and adjustable text size. Common file formats are EPUB, which supports reflowable text, and PDF for fixed layouts; some devices use proprietary formats like MOBI. Many ekirjat are protected with digital rights management to control copying and lending.

Distribution and licensing for ekirja occur through publishers’ online shops, retailers, and library lending platforms. Purchases may grant ongoing access to the file or license-based access for a period, while subscription services offer access to large catalogs for a monthly fee. Reading on devices and apps is supported by a range of software, with features such as text search, highlighting, notes, and customizable reading settings.

History and status: The ekirja concept developed with digital publishing in the late 20th century and gained wider adoption in the 2000s and 2010s alongside portable devices and online storefronts. In Finland, the term ekirja is standard for electronic books, and the market includes both domestic and translated titles. Ekirjat reduce production and logistics costs but face challenges such as format fragmentation, licensing restrictions, and price competition with printed editions.