dyspna

Dyspnea, also known as shortness of breath or breathlessness, is a subjective sensation of difficulty in breathing or an uncomfortable awareness of respiratory effort. It is a common symptom associated with a variety of medical conditions affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as other systemic disorders.

Patients experiencing dyspnea often describe it as a feeling of suffocation, tightness, or an inability to get enough air. The severity can range from mild discomfort to severe distress, potentially impacting daily activities and quality of life. Dyspnea may be acute or chronic, with causes including respiratory infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, pulmonary embolism, anemia, obesity, and anxiety disorders. Environmental factors, such as exposure to pollutants or allergens, can also contribute.

Assessment of dyspnea involves a comprehensive clinical evaluation, including a detailed medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations like chest X-rays, spirometry, blood tests, and imaging studies when needed. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for effective management.

Treatment of dyspnea depends on its cause. It may include pharmacological therapies such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, or diuretics, as well as non-pharmacological approaches like oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and addressing psychological factors. In emergency situations, such as severe respiratory distress, immediate intervention is required.

Dyspnea is a symptom indicative of underlying pathology rather than a disease itself. Recognizing its presence and evaluating its cause are crucial steps in delivering appropriate care.