dyslipidémii

Dyslipidemia refers to an abnormal amount of cholesterol and/or fat (triglycerides) in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is essential for building healthy cells. However, when cholesterol levels are too high, it can increase the risk of heart disease. There are several types of dyslipidemia, including high total cholesterol, high LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, also known as "good" cholesterol, and high triglycerides.

The causes of dyslipidemia can be genetic, meaning it runs in families, or acquired, meaning it is caused by lifestyle factors. Acquired causes include a diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease, can also contribute to dyslipidemia.

Dyslipidemia often has no symptoms, which is why it is sometimes called a "silent killer." The first sign of the condition can be a serious health event, such as a heart attack or stroke. Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test called a lipid panel, which measures the levels of different types of cholesterol and triglycerides.

Treatment for dyslipidemia depends on the specific type and severity of the condition, as well as the individual's risk factors for heart disease. Lifestyle modifications are often the first line of treatment and include adopting a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Statins are a common class of drugs used to treat high cholesterol. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are important for managing dyslipidemia and reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications.