dydaktyki

Didactics, or dydaktyka in Polish, is the science and art of teaching. It studies how knowledge is selected, organized, and transmitted; how instruction is designed; and how learning outcomes are achieved. As a branch of pedagogy, it encompasses curriculum planning, the choice of teaching methods, and the assessment of learners.

The field is traditionally divided into general didactics (dydaktyka ogólna) and subject didactics (dydaktyka przedmiotowa), which applies didactic principles to specific disciplines such as mathematics, languages, or science. Related areas include methodological didactics and curriculum didactics, and the broader domain of teaching methodology.

Key concepts include the formulation of learning objectives, the alignment of activities with assessment, and the process of didactic transposition—how knowledge from a discipline is transformed into teachable content and pedagogical strategies. Didactics also draws on learning theories, such as behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism, to inform instructional design and classroom practice.

Historically, didactics has evolved from teacher-centered approaches to more learner-centered and evidence-based practices, incorporating technology, inclusive education, and formative assessment. Research in didactics combines theoretical analysis with empirical studies of teaching methods, classroom organization, and assessment practices, often within the wider context of education sciences.

In modern education systems, dydaktyka guides lesson planning, instructional design, and teacher professional development, aiming to improve learning efficiency, accessibility, and outcomes for diverse learners.