doublechecking

Double-checking, or double-checking, is the practice of verifying a result, decision, or action by performing an additional independent check. The aim is to reduce the likelihood of errors that escaped the initial review. Effective double-checking depends on independence between checks, clearly defined verification criteria, and a structured process that guides what to verify and how.

Common contexts include data entry, financial transactions, medical dosing, manufacturing, software development, and proofreading. For a double-check to be meaningful, the second check should be conducted by someone other than the original performer, or should use a different method or tool to minimize shared blind spots.

Typical methods include checklists, two-person review, automated validation, and cross-verification against a trusted source. In medicine, a second clinician may confirm dosage and patient identity; in editing, a second reader checks consistency and factual accuracy; in software, a second reviewer examines code against requirements and tests.

Benefits include increased accuracy and reduced risk of harm, especially in safety-critical work. Drawbacks are added time and resource use, the potential for complacency if checks are treated as routine, and the possibility that duplicated effort fails to address underlying design flaws or cognitive biases.

Best practices emphasize independence, explicit criteria, and documentation of the checks. When possible, combine double-checking with automation, maintain a culture that values verification, and periodically review the process for effectiveness.