dormitories

Dormitories, commonly called dorms, are residential buildings that house students on college or university campuses. They are designed for temporary living, with a focus on shared bedrooms and communal facilities rather than private apartments. Dorm layouts vary, and housing often includes gendered options as well as coeducational and gender-inclusive arrangements.

Most dorms provide a mix of bedrooms, communal bathrooms, kitchens or cooking facilities, common lounges, and study rooms. Some buildings offer suite-style layouts with two to four bedrooms sharing a single bathroom, while others are apartment-style with full kitchens. Many campuses also operate dining halls or meal plans linked to residence life.

Historically, dormitories developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries as universities expanded. They were financed by philanthropy and religious groups to organize student life and housing. The postwar period saw rapid growth in campus housing in response to rising enrollments and more diverse student populations.

Administration is typically handled by a university housing or student life office. Dorms employ resident advisors, housing coordinators, and facilities staff to maintain safety and community standards. Buildings must meet fire and accessibility codes, and many campuses set rules on visitors, quiet hours, and conduct.

Residential life programs aim to foster community, offer social and academic support, and provide extracurricular activities. Residents usually pay room and board or a housing fee, and some campuses include housekeeping or janitorial services for shared spaces. Internet access and laundry facilities are common amenities.

Contemporary trends include a move toward more private rooms or apartment-style housing, mixed-use living-learning communities, and increased focus on wellness, mental health, and sustainability. Critics note concerns about cost, privacy, and student well-being, while proponents argue that campus housing shapes student success and social integration.