coeducational

Coeducational, or coeducation, describes an educational approach in which students of different sexes learn together in the same environment, courses, and programs. It encompasses primary, secondary, and tertiary education and is practiced in public and private schools as well as universities. The term contrasts with single-sex education, where classrooms or schools are organized by sex.

Historically, educational systems often separated students by sex. Beginning in the 19th and early 20th centuries, many countries gradually expanded coeducation, especially in public schools and universities, though cultural and religious factors shaped adoption rates. Today, coeducation is the predominant model in most regions, with variations in implementation, classroom practices, and support services.

Supporters argue that coeducation promotes gender equality, social development, and broader career and life opportunities, while reducing stereotypes associated with segregated schooling. Critics point to concerns about safety, discipline, and the potential for gendered payoffs or unequal participation, and some advocate single-sex environments for pedagogical reasons. In practice, schools may apply inclusive pedagogy, gender-sensitive policies, and measures to address harassment.

Common terminology includes coeducation or coed as an adjective; "coeducational" is common in formal writing, while "mixed-sex" is more common in some regions. In many countries, coeducation remains the standard model in public systems, with some private or faith-based schools offering single-sex options or specialized programs.