coeducation

Coeducation refers to the education of students of different genders together in the same institution, classroom, and curriculum. It is often contrasted with single-sex schooling, where instruction and facilities are segregated by gender. The approach aims to promote equal access to education, social interaction, and preparation for participation in a diverse society.

Historically, coeducation emerged in Europe and North America during the Enlightenment and reform movements, with separate schooling for girls expanding later in some regions. In the 19th and 20th centuries, many countries gradually adopted coeducation in public and private schools, colleges, and universities. Today, it remains widespread in most parts of the world, though cultural, religious, and policy differences shape its implementation and acceptance in different regions.

Models of coeducation vary. Some institutions are fully mixed, teaching all students together across disciplines. Others combine mixed classes with gender-segregated spaces, or implement gender-responsive pedagogies and curricula to address diverse needs. Policies increasingly incorporate considerations for LGBTQ+ students, disability access, and inclusive practices, while ensuring safety and anti-harassment measures.

Outcomes and debates around coeducation focus on social development, equality, and academic achievement. Research generally finds no inherent disadvantage to grades or cognitive performance from mixed-gender schooling, though classroom dynamics, teacher expectations, and school culture can influence outcomes. Proponents argue that coeducation mirrors real-world interactions and promotes collaboration, while critics caution about persistence of stereotypes and unequal participation in some settings. Policy considerations emphasize safeguarding, inclusive curricula, and equitable access to all students.